


Just as a squill does not bear roses or hyacinthsĪ slave woman does not bear a free child. Approvingly he cites Theognis’s “very accurate” poem: Slaves, Nietzsche remarked, hailed from “useless and harmful stock” and belonged to an altogether different and invariably subordinate species.

Extremely learned and at the same time subtly partisan, it was a sympathetic reconstruction of Theognis’ staunchly aristocratic world view, including his racist, segregationist views on forced labour. In 1864, at the height of the American Civil War, the 19-year-old Nietzsche submitted a valedictory thesis on the Greek poet Theognis of Megara. To begin with, it reveals his familiarity with the debates about abolitionism in America, which adds an important transatlantic context to his reflections on masters and slaves and his profound, abiding belief in human inequality. His reference to Beecher Stowe in the 1884 fragment is significant for a number of reasons.
